Occupations
Each occupation is broken down into its actual tasks, because that is where automation lands — not on a job title.
30 occupations so far. More are added as we can research them properly rather than generate them.
Since ChatGPT, occupation by occupation
Each line is the impact index at every capability checkpoint since late 2022, sorted by how far it rose. Estimated today for the past, not measured at the time — and nothing is drawn past now. A flat line says which tasks automation has reached so far, not that the occupation is safe.
Translator / Interpreter
Language servicesMoves meaning between languages — and decides what to do when the meaning does not move cleanly.
not a job-loss risk
Bank teller
Retail bankingHandles the transactions and the people at a branch counter — and is the bank's face for customers who need a human.
not a job-loss risk
Copywriter
Marketing & advertisingWrites words meant to make a specific person do a specific thing — and is judged on whether they did.
not a job-loss risk
Customer service representative
Customer operationsAnswers customers who have a problem — and decides, case by case, what the company will do about it.
not a job-loss risk
Administrative assistant
Business administrationKeeps an office or an executive running: calendars, travel, expenses, documents, and every small thing that would otherwise stop.
not a job-loss risk
Software tester / QA engineer
SoftwareFinds out how the software fails before users do — and is the person who says whether it is ready to ship.
not a job-loss risk
Graphic designer
Design & creative servicesMakes visual decisions on someone else's behalf — and defends them.
not a job-loss risk
Paralegal
Legal servicesDoes the reading, drafting and organising that lets a lawyer sign off — and is accountable for nothing being missed.
not a job-loss risk
Retail cashier / shop assistant
RetailTakes payment, answers questions, restocks shelves and keeps a shop floor working — often all in the same hour.
not a job-loss risk
Video editor
Media & content productionTurns hours of footage into the minutes someone will actually watch — and decides what the story is in the process.
not a job-loss risk
Accountant / Bookkeeper
Finance & professional servicesRecords, reconciles and reports on an organisation's money — and increasingly, explains what the numbers mean to people who make decisions.
not a job-loss risk
Marketing specialist
MarketingGets a specific group of people to notice, want and buy something — across channels that change every year.
not a job-loss risk
Data analyst
Data & analyticsTurns a business question into a query, a query into a number, and a number into a decision someone will act on.
not a job-loss risk
Junior software developer
Software & technologyTurns a described problem into working, maintainable code — and, increasingly, decides whether generated code is actually right.
not a job-loss risk
HR / recruiter
Human resourcesFinds, hires, pays, develops and sometimes removes the people a company runs on — inside rules that change by country.
not a job-loss risk
Financial analyst
FinanceBuilds the model, writes the memo, and tells someone with money what the numbers mean before they commit it.
not a job-loss risk
Journalist
News mediaFinds out what happened from people who would rather not say, and publishes it under a name that can be held to account.
not a job-loss risk
Warehouse worker
Logistics & fulfilmentReceives, stores, picks and packs the goods that make online ordering work — at a pace set by a system.
not a job-loss risk
Product / UX designer
Software & digital productsDecides how a piece of software behaves for the person using it — screen by screen, state by state — and proves the decision with evidence.
not a job-loss risk
Assembly line worker
ManufacturingPerforms a defined step in making a physical product, hundreds of times a shift, to a standard someone else will check.
not a job-loss risk
Lawyer
Legal servicesTakes professional responsibility for advice and for what gets filed — and carries the consequences when either is wrong.
not a job-loss risk
Ride-hail / taxi driver
Passenger transportDrives strangers across a city safely, on demand — and handles everything about them that is not driving.
not a job-loss risk
Truck driver
Freight & logisticsMoves freight between places — and handles everything that goes wrong between the loading dock and the delivery.
not a job-loss risk
Pharmacist
HealthcareIs the last check between a prescription and a patient — and the person who explains what the medicine will actually do.
not a job-loss risk
Architect
Architecture & constructionTurns a client's need and a site's constraints into a building that can be approved, built and lived in — and signs for it.
not a job-loss risk
Delivery rider / courier
Last-mile deliveryGets a specific parcel or meal from a shop to a door in a city, quickly, through weather, traffic and buildings the map does not understand.
not a job-loss risk
School teacher
EducationGets thirty specific children to learn something on a specific day — and holds the room together while doing it.
not a job-loss risk
Chef / cook
Food service & hospitalityProduces consistent food at speed in a hot, cramped room — and adapts when the delivery is wrong and two cooks are off sick.
not a job-loss risk
Registered nurse
HealthcareKeeps a patient safe and cared for through the hours when no doctor is in the room — and notices before the numbers do.
not a job-loss risk
Electrician
Skilled trades & constructionInstalls, tests and repairs the wiring and equipment that everything else depends on — in buildings that are never quite as drawn.
not a job-loss risk
The index is for comparing occupations on one consistent basis. It is not a probability that you personally lose your job — that depends on your employer, your region, your seniority and which tasks actually fill your week. How the index is built →