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Understanding how automation changes work — task by task, with the evidence shown and the uncertainty admitted.

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Majors
All majorsEnglish / Foreign languagesComputer scienceAccountingPsychologyJournalism / CommunicationFinanceLawVisual communication designMarketingNursingBusiness administrationEducation and teacher trainingArchitecturePublic administrationMedicineHospitality and tourism managementEconomicsInformation systems
Occupations
All occupations
AI / software
Translator / InterpreterBank tellerCopywriterContent moderatorCustomer service representativeAdministrative assistantSoftware tester / QA engineerData entry clerkGraphic designerParalegalVideo editorAccountant / BookkeeperMarketing specialistFrontend developerTax preparer / tax agentVoice actorMedical coderData analystInsurance claims handlerTechnical writer / documentation engineerJunior software developerInsurance underwriterHR / recruiterLoan officer / credit officerFinancial analystProcurement / supply chain specialistJournalistSales / account managerReal estate agentNetwork engineerIllustratorTravel agent / travel advisorIT support specialist / helpdeskAuditorSupply chain plannerManagement consultantPhotographerBackend developerAI researcherProduct / UX designerBusiness systems ownerE-commerce operations specialistActuaryAnimator and VFX artistWriter and authorPayroll specialist / payroll clerkRadiologistData engineerProject managerData scientistCourt reporterEditor and proofreaderLawyerMedical assistant / clinic assistantQuantity surveyorContent creatorQuantitative analystMachine learning engineerExperienced software engineerDevOps engineer / platform engineer / SREBusiness analystMusician and composerGIS analyst / cartographerProperty appraiser / valuerProduct managerDietitian / nutritionistEconomistPharmacistPartnerships / channel managerSecurity analyst (SOC)Financial adviser / financial plannerInterpreterPathologistChip design engineerGrant writer / grants officerCompliance officerLibrarianDrafter / CAD technicianArchitectFirst-line manager / team supervisorCounsellor / psychotherapistRetail salesperson / shop assistantCivil / structural engineerElectrical engineerIndustrial engineerStatisticianSecurity guardInterior designerUniversity lecturerPsychologistBus driverInsurance agentMechanical engineerFashion designerOptometristNotarySchool teacherGeneral practitioner / primary care doctorAirline pilotDriving instructorUrban plannerEmergency dispatcherWaiter / restaurant serverRadiographer / radiologic technologistLand surveyorAuto mechanic / vehicle technicianPolice officerSonographerAircraft maintenance technicianDental hygienistAnaesthesiologist / anaesthetistBuilding inspectorSpeech-language pathologist / speech and language therapistAir traffic controllerVeterinarianBartender / baristaPhysiotherapist / rehabilitation therapistDentistSurgeonParamedic / EMTConstruction workerSocial workerJudge / magistrateRegistered nurseMassage therapistMidwifeCare worker / nursing assistantPlumberAI implementation lead
RPA / self-service
Government service clerkOperations coordinatorMetro train driverReceptionist / front deskPharmacy technicianPhlebotomistDental assistant / dental nurseRespiratory therapistOccupational therapist
Robotics
Retail cashier / shop assistantContainer port workerWarehouse workerAssembly line workerMedical laboratory technicianActor and modelMachinist / CNC machinistWelderChef / cookGardener / landscaperCleaner / janitorFarmerFirefighterHVAC technicianBricklayer / blocklayerCarpenter / joinerCabin crewHairdresser / barberElectrician
Autonomous driving
Ride-hail / taxi driverTruck driverDelivery rider / courier
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Majors

A major is not one job. Each of these breaks down into the competencies it actually trains and the several directions those competencies can go.

18 majors in the first batch. No rankings and no obsolescence scores — automation acts on tasks, so assessments live on the occupation pages.

English / Foreign languages

4 directions

Trains you to work precisely in a second language — and, less obviously, to research an unfamiliar subject fast and explain it to someone who does not share your context.

Worth more: 2Holding: 1Weaker alone: 1

Computer science

9 directions

Trains you to model a problem precisely enough that a machine can execute it — and to reason about what happens when it does that at scale, under failure, and with someone attacking it.

Worth more: 3Holding: 1Weaker alone: 1

Accounting

4 directions

Trains you to see how money actually moves through an organisation — and to be the person who can say whether a number is defensible.

Worth more: 3Holding: 0Weaker alone: 1

Psychology

4 directions

Trains you to study human behaviour without fooling yourself — designing a question that could come back with an answer you did not want.

Worth more: 3Holding: 1Weaker alone: 0

Journalism / Communication

4 directions

Trains you to find out what is actually happening, verify it, and explain it to people who were not there — on a deadline.

Worth more: 2Holding: 1Weaker alone: 1

Finance

4 directions

Trains you to price time and risk — what a future cash flow is worth today, why two assets with the same expected return are not the same bet — and to read how institutions actually move money.

Worth more: 2Holding: 1Weaker alone: 2

Law

4 directions

Trains you to take a messy situation, find the rule that governs it, and argue to a standard where someone who disagrees has to answer you rather than dismiss you.

Worth more: 2Holding: 1Weaker alone: 2

Visual communication design

4 directions

Trains you to make a visual decision on someone else's behalf — what a stranger sees first, reads second and feels about it — and to defend that decision in a review.

Worth more: 2Holding: 1Weaker alone: 2

Marketing

4 directions

Trains you to work out who buys, why, and what would make them — then to spend someone else's money on that guess and be measured on whether it was right.

Worth more: 2Holding: 1Weaker alone: 2

Nursing

4 directions

Trains you to keep a person safe through the hours when no doctor is in the room — to notice deterioration before the monitor does, and to act inside a protocol while still exercising judgement.

Worth more: 2Holding: 2Weaker alone: 1

Business administration

6 directions

Trains you to coordinate work you do not personally do — to read the numbers, split a job into steps, decide with incomplete information, and get people who do not report to you to act.

Worth more: 3Holding: 1Weaker alone: 1

Education and teacher training

4 directions

Trains you to take something you understand and get it into someone else's head — by working out what they already believe, where they will go wrong, and what evidence would show they have it.

Worth more: 3Holding: 1Weaker alone: 1

Architecture

4 directions

Trains you to turn a brief, a site and a budget into something that can actually be built — and to be the person who is answerable when the drawing meets the ground.

Worth more: 2Holding: 2Weaker alone: 1

Public administration

5 directions

Trains you to take a rule written for everyone and work out what it means for the one person in front of you — and to leave a record of that decision which someone else can check.

Worth more: 2Holding: 2Weaker alone: 1

Medicine

4 directions

Trains you to take an undifferentiated complaint from a frightened person, decide what is most likely and what would be most dangerous to miss, and then carry the decision — including when the tools in the room disagree with you.

Worth more: 2Holding: 3Weaker alone: 2

Hospitality and tourism management

4 directions

Trains you to run a place where strangers eat, sleep and complain: the flow of a service, the cost of a cover, the roster that covers Saturday night, and the decision about what to give away when something has already gone wrong.

Worth more: 3Holding: 1Weaker alone: 1

Economics

4 directions

Trains you to reason about how people respond to prices, rules and incentives — and to work out whether a number showing that response was caused by the thing everyone is crediting for it.

Worth more: 2Holding: 1Weaker alone: 2

Information systems

4 directions

Trains you to run and change systems other people wrote: to find out what an organisation already has, what depends on what, what a record in it is allowed to mean, and what would break if you switched one of them off.

Worth more: 2Holding: 1Weaker alone: 2

Already working rather than studying? Occupation pages break the same analysis down by task. Explore occupations →