VOLOVLOAutomation risk & transition, task by task
AskOccupationsMajorsBusinessFoundersChangesNotesMethod
Search occupations, majors…
EN
  • English
  • 简体中文
  • 日本語
  • Español
  • Português
  • Français
VLO
VOLO

Understanding how automation changes work — task by task, with the evidence shown and the uncertainty admitted.

AskOccupationsMajorsBusinessFoundersChangesNotesMethodWill AI replace my job?AboutRole diagnosisOpen dataOntologyVOLO ProPrivacyTerms
© 2026 VOLO
Occupations
All occupations
AI / software
Translator / InterpreterBank tellerCopywriterContent moderatorCustomer service representativeAdministrative assistantSoftware tester / QA engineerData entry clerkGraphic designerParalegalVideo editorAccountant / BookkeeperMarketing specialistFrontend developerTax preparer / tax agentVoice actorMedical coderData analystInsurance claims handlerTechnical writer / documentation engineerJunior software developerInsurance underwriterHR / recruiterLoan officer / credit officerFinancial analystProcurement / supply chain specialistJournalistSales / account managerReal estate agentNetwork engineerIllustratorTravel agent / travel advisorIT support specialist / helpdeskAuditorSupply chain plannerManagement consultantPhotographerBackend developerAI researcherProduct / UX designerBusiness systems ownerE-commerce operations specialistActuaryAnimator and VFX artistWriter and authorPayroll specialist / payroll clerkRadiologistData engineerProject managerData scientistCourt reporterEditor and proofreaderLawyerMedical assistant / clinic assistantQuantity surveyorContent creatorQuantitative analystMachine learning engineerExperienced software engineerDevOps engineer / platform engineer / SREBusiness analystMusician and composerGIS analyst / cartographerProperty appraiser / valuerProperty managerProduct managerDietitian / nutritionistEconomistPharmacistPartnerships / channel managerSecurity analyst (SOC)Financial adviser / financial plannerInterpreterPathologistChip design engineerGrant writer / grants officerCompliance officerLibrarianDrafter / CAD technicianArchitectFirst-line manager / team supervisorCounsellor / psychotherapistRetail salesperson / shop assistantCivil / structural engineerElectrical engineerIndustrial engineerStatisticianSecurity guardInterior designerUniversity lecturerPsychologistBus driverInsurance agentMechanical engineerFashion designerOptometristNotarySchool teacherGeneral practitioner / primary care doctorAirline pilotDriving instructorUrban plannerEmergency dispatcherWaiter / restaurant serverRadiographer / radiologic technologistLand surveyorAuto mechanic / vehicle technicianPolice officerSonographerAircraft maintenance technicianDental hygienistAnaesthesiologist / anaesthetistBuilding inspectorSpeech-language pathologist / speech and language therapistNurse practitionerAir traffic controllerVeterinarianBartender / baristaPhysiotherapist / rehabilitation therapistDentistSurgeonParamedic / EMTConstruction workerSocial workerJudge / magistrateRegistered nurseMassage therapistMidwifeCare worker / nursing assistantPlumberAI implementation lead
RPA / self-service
Government service clerkOperations coordinatorMetro train driverReceptionist / front deskPharmacy technicianPhlebotomistDental assistant / dental nurseRespiratory therapistOccupational therapist
Robotics
Retail cashier / shop assistantContainer port workerWarehouse workerAssembly line workerMedical laboratory technicianActor and modelMachinist / CNC machinistWelderChef / cookGardener / landscaperCleaner / janitorFarmerFirefighterHVAC technicianBricklayer / blocklayerCarpenter / joinerCabin crewHairdresser / barberElectrician
Autonomous driving
Ride-hail / taxi driverTruck driverDelivery rider / courier
Majors
All majorsEnglish / Foreign languagesComputer scienceAccountingPsychologyJournalism / CommunicationFinanceLawVisual communication designMarketingNursingBusiness administrationEducation and teacher trainingArchitecturePublic administrationMedicineHospitality and tourism managementEconomicsInformation systems
Guides
Ask VOLOFor businessFor foundersRecent changesNotesRole diagnosisFirst AI experimentVOLO ProMethod & evidenceAboutFollow an occupationSearch
You are reading as:I have a jobI am studyingI run a companyI am building something
On this pageHow it connectsIn the official classificationWhat O*NET rates highestEach task in O*NET's termsOur task judgementsSources and rules
Occupations›Journalist›Ontology

Journalist — skills, knowledge and links

Where this job sits in the official classifications, what those classifications say it demands, and what it connects to. Every block names its source: our own judgements, the U.S. Department of Labor's O*NET, or the U.S. Department of Education.

How it connects#

Degrees that lead here
JournalismVOLO judgement
JournalistO*NET 27-3023.00
Related occupations on this site (O*NET)
Content creatorO*NET 31.0Editor and proofreaderO*NET 31.0CopywriterO*NET 31.0Writer and authorO*NET 31.0Video editorO*NET 31.0

O*NET also lists (no page here yet): Poets, Lyricists and Creative Writers · Producers and Directors · Media Programming Directors · Public Relations Specialists · Media Technical Directors/Managers

In the official classification#

O*NET-SOC 27-3023.00 · O*NET 31.0

News Analysts, Reporters, and Journalists

Fit with this page: same job

Job Zone 4: considerable preparation

See it on O*NET OnLine ↗

In Europe, internationally and in Singapore

ESCO 2642.1 · ESCO

journalist

Fit with this page: covers part of this page

See it in ESCO ↗
ISCO-08 2642 · ILO

Journalists

Fit with this page: closest match, not the same job

SSOC 2024 26421 · Singapore DOS

Journalist

Fit with this page: same job

What O*NET rates highest#

From O*NET 27-3023.00 (News Analysts, Reporters, and Journalists). Ordered by O*NET's importance rating; the words are O*NET's own scale anchors.

Transferable skills

  1. Social PerceptivenessVery important
  2. Time ManagementVery important
  3. CoordinationImportant
  4. Complex Problem SolvingImportant
  5. PersuasionImportant
  6. Judgment and Decision MakingImportant
  7. Service OrientationImportant
  8. NegotiationImportant

Knowledge

  1. English LanguageExtremely important
  2. Communications and MediaExtremely important
  3. Computers and ElectronicsVery important
  4. TelecommunicationsImportant
  5. Customer and Personal ServiceImportant
  6. Law and GovernmentImportant

Work activities

  1. Getting InformationExtremely important
  2. Processing InformationExtremely important
  3. Communicating with People Outside the OrganizationExtremely important
  4. Identifying Objects, Actions, and EventsExtremely important
  5. Working with ComputersVery important
  6. Thinking CreativelyVery important

Abilities

  1. Written ComprehensionExtremely important
  2. Written ExpressionExtremely important
  3. Oral ComprehensionVery important
  4. Oral ExpressionVery important
  5. Deductive ReasoningVery important
  6. Inductive ReasoningVery important

Essential skills

  1. Active ListeningExtremely important
  2. Reading ComprehensionVery important
  3. SpeakingVery important
  4. Critical ThinkingVery important
  5. WritingVery important

Each task in O*NET's terms#

O*NET describes work as detailed activities. Each of this page's 5 tasks is matched only against the activities O*NET lists for this occupation, with a stated fit; 4 match at least one. 1 are work O*NET does not describe yet. The alignment and its fit are this site's judgement, made task by task by its AI agent (Claude) on 2026-09-26; O*NET does not align tasks like ours. The activity names are O*NET's, the translations ours.

  • Rewriting press releases and results
    Write informational material.O*NET's activity is broader · Documenting/Recording Information · O*NET 31.0The same activity in: Technical writer
  • Getting people to tell you things
    Develop professional relationships or networks.the closest O*NET has, not the same · Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships · O*NET 31.0The same activity in: Insurance agent
    Interview others for news or entertainment purposes.covers part of this task · Getting Information · O*NET 31.0
  • Verifying claims and material
    Analyze information obtained from news sources.the closest O*NET has, not the same · Thinking Creatively · O*NET 31.0
  • Writing the piece
    Write informational material.O*NET's activity is broader · Documenting/Recording Information · O*NET 31.0The same activity in: Technical writer
    Determine presentation subjects or content.covers part of this task · Thinking Creatively · O*NET 31.0The same activity in: Content creator · Editor and proofreader · Video editor · Technical writer
  • Detecting synthetic and manipulated mediaO*NET's activity lists do not describe this work yet. This site judges it to be emerging work.

Our task judgements#

O*NET says what this job demands. It does not say what automation is doing to it — that is what this site's 5 task judgements are for: 3 backed by a verified event, 2 platform inference. VOLO judgement

Every task, one by one →What they rest on →

Sources and rules#

  • Each block says where it comes from: this site's own judgements, O*NET, the U.S. Department of Education's CIP–SOC crosswalk, the European ESCO classification and its official crosswalk to O*NET, the ILO's ISCO-08, Singapore's SSOC 2024, or something computed mechanically from those. Nothing on this page is a rating we made up.
  • O*NET's importance ratings are used only to order and shorten the lists. They are never combined with this site's impact index or evidence counts.
  • The fit between our page and an O*NET occupation is our judgement and is stated per code: same job, broader, part of it, or only the closest there is.
  • The ESCO and ISCO-08 fits are derived mechanically from the official ESCO–O*NET crosswalk; where we override it, we say why in our data (for example, the crosswalk pairs radiologists with radiographers, which is a different job). The SSOC 2024 fit is our reading of the Singapore Department of Statistics' own titles and definitions. Official names are shown as their publishers write them; we do not translate them.
  • Each task is matched only against the detailed work activities O*NET lists for the codes this page maps to. Where nothing fits, the page says why instead of forcing a match: work O*NET does not describe yet (used only for tasks we judge to be emerging), or nothing in O*NET's list for this occupation. An alignment never changes a task's direction, its basis or the impact index.
  • Rules are read only from this site's verified records. A rule's official name must appear word for word in a record that reads it, so no name is made up; a policy mandate is read only as 'must', 'must not' or 'funds', because 'should' and 'in principle' are not a mandate. Reading a rule never changes a task's direction, its basis or the impact index.
  • How these pieces fit together — objects, links and the actions that change them — is drawn as one diagram: The VOLO ontology
  • ESCO (European Commission), occupation records from the ESCO API; CC BY 4.0. ESCO–O*NET crosswalk, ESCO Secretariat with the U.S. Department of Labor/ETA, version 1 (Sep 2022), O*NET-SOC 2019 ↔ ESCO v1.1.0; CC BY 4.0. Singapore Department of Statistics, Singapore Standard Occupational Classification 2024 and its correspondence with ISCO-08.
  • O*NET 31.0 Database, August 2026 release, U.S. Department of Labor/Employment and Training Administration, CC BY 4.0. O*NET® is a trademark of USDOL/ETA. The translations of O*NET descriptors on this page are ours, not O*NET's.
← Back to JournalistThe other layer: every task, one by one →