VOLOVLOAutomation risk & transition, task by task
AskOccupationsMajorsBusinessFoundersChangesNotesMethod
Search occupations, majors…
EN
  • English
  • 简体中文
  • 日本語
  • Español
  • Português
  • Français
VLO
VOLO

Understanding how automation changes work — task by task, with the evidence shown and the uncertainty admitted.

AskOccupationsMajorsBusinessFoundersChangesNotesMethodWill AI replace my job?AboutRole diagnosisOpen dataOntologyVOLO ProPrivacyTerms
© 2026 VOLO
Guides
Ask VOLOFor businessFor foundersRecent changesNotesRole diagnosisFirst AI experimentVOLO ProMethod & evidenceAboutFollow an occupationSearch
Occupations
All occupations
AI / software
Translator / InterpreterBank tellerCopywriterContent moderatorCustomer service representativeAdministrative assistantSoftware tester / QA engineerData entry clerkGraphic designerParalegalVideo editorAccountant / BookkeeperMarketing specialistFrontend developerTax preparer / tax agentVoice actorMedical coderData analystInsurance claims handlerTechnical writer / documentation engineerJunior software developerInsurance underwriterHR / recruiterLoan officer / credit officerFinancial analystProcurement / supply chain specialistJournalistSales / account managerReal estate agentNetwork engineerIllustratorIT support specialist / helpdeskAuditorSupply chain plannerManagement consultantPhotographerBackend developerAI researcherProduct / UX designerBusiness systems ownerE-commerce operations specialistActuaryAnimator and VFX artistWriter and authorRadiologistData engineerProject managerData scientistCourt reporterEditor and proofreaderLawyerMedical assistant / clinic assistantQuantity surveyorContent creatorQuantitative analystMachine learning engineerExperienced software engineerDevOps / platform / SRE engineerBusiness analystMusician and composerProduct managerDietitian / nutritionistPharmacistPartnerships / channel managerSecurity analyst (SOC)Financial adviser / financial plannerInterpreterCompliance officerLibrarianArchitectFirst-line manager / team supervisorCounsellor / therapistRetail salesperson / shop assistantCivil / structural engineerElectrical engineerIndustrial engineerSecurity guardInterior designerUniversity lecturerPsychologistBus driverInsurance agentMechanical engineerSchool teacherGeneral practitioner / primary care doctorAirline pilotWaiter / restaurant serverRadiographer / radiologic technologistAuto mechanic / vehicle technicianPolice officerSonographerAircraft maintenance technicianAir traffic controllerVeterinarianPhysiotherapist / rehabilitation therapistDentistSurgeonConstruction workerSocial workerRegistered nurseCare worker / nursing assistantPlumberAI implementation lead
RPA / self-service
Government service clerkOperations coordinatorMetro train driverReceptionist / front deskPharmacy technician
Robotics
Retail cashier / shop assistantContainer port workerWarehouse workerAssembly line workerMedical laboratory technicianActor and modelWelderChef / cookCleaner / janitorFarmerFirefighterCabin crewElectrician
Autonomous driving
Ride-hail / taxi driverTruck driverDelivery rider / courier
Majors
All majorsEnglish / Foreign languagesComputer scienceAccountingPsychologyJournalism / CommunicationFinanceLawVisual communication designMarketingNursingBusiness administrationEducation and teacher trainingArchitecturePublic administrationMedicineHospitality and tourism managementEconomicsInformation systems
Enter as:I have a jobI am studyingI run a companyI am building something
Recent changes›Counsellor / therapist›2025-04-25
CapabilityCognitive automation2025-04-25

Tested against therapy guides from major medical institutions, current language models responded inappropriately to critical conditions, even newer and larger ones, researchers reported

Counsellor / therapistoccupation page →
Event date / reported
2025-04-25
Evidence stage
CapabilityA demo, benchmark or paper shows the task can be done. Updates what the technology can do — not what employers will do.
Tasks this bears on
Making a therapeutic decision
Deciding this person is at risk, that the plan has to change, or that they need someone other than you.
Still human-led✓ Evidence-backed
Where this applies
A lab study that mapped therapy guides used by major medical institutions — for example the importance of a therapeutic alliance — and tested current language models such as gpt-4o against them. The models expressed stigma toward those with mental health conditions and responded inappropriately to certain common and critical conditions, including encouraging clients' delusional thinking, even in larger and newer models; the authors also point to barriers such as a therapeutic alliance requiring human characteristics. It tests models in constructed scenarios, not products or counsellors.
What this means
The moments that most need a therapeutic decision are the ones where current models went wrong in testing.
What it does not yet show
A preprint in constructed scenarios; deployed products and future models may differ.
What you can check
Open arXiv 2504.18412 and find "respond inappropriately to certain common (and critical) conditions".
Does it change the assessment?
No — and this stage does not move it either. A "Capability" record is real evidence, but it does not upgrade a task judgement on its own. The 1 linked judgement above stand where they were.
Source
Moore et al. — Expressing stigma and inappropriate responses prevents LLMs from safely replacing mental health providers (arXiv 2504.18412, submitted 25 Apr 2025) · verified 2026-09-30 · Claude (VOLO agent) · interpreted 2026-09-30 · Claude (VOLO agent)
Primary source — published by the party that did this, or the authority of record. No co-signature needed.
All changes for Counsellor / therapist →All recent changes →How events become evidence →