VOLOVLOAutomation risk & transition, task by task
AskOccupationsMajorsBusinessFoundersChangesNotesMethod
Search occupations, majors…
EN
  • English
  • 简体中文
  • 日本語
  • Español
  • Português
  • Français
VLO
VOLO

Understanding how automation changes work — task by task, with the evidence shown and the uncertainty admitted.

AskOccupationsMajorsBusinessFoundersChangesNotesMethodWill AI replace my job?AboutRole diagnosisOpen dataOntologyVOLO ProPrivacyTerms
© 2026 VOLO
Occupations
All occupations
AI / software
Translator / InterpreterBank tellerCopywriterContent moderatorCustomer service representativeAdministrative assistantSoftware tester / QA engineerData entry clerkGraphic designerParalegalVideo editorAccountant / BookkeeperMarketing specialistFrontend developerTax preparer / tax agentVoice actorMedical coderData analystInsurance claims handlerTechnical writer / documentation engineerJunior software developerInsurance underwriterHR / recruiterLoan officer / credit officerFinancial analystProcurement / supply chain specialistJournalistSales / account managerReal estate agentNetwork engineerIllustratorIT support specialist / helpdeskAuditorSupply chain plannerManagement consultantPhotographerBackend developerAI researcherProduct / UX designerBusiness systems ownerE-commerce operations specialistActuaryAnimator and VFX artistWriter and authorRadiologistData engineerProject managerData scientistCourt reporterEditor and proofreaderLawyerMedical assistant / clinic assistantQuantity surveyorContent creatorQuantitative analystMachine learning engineerExperienced software engineerDevOps / platform / SRE engineerBusiness analystMusician and composerProduct managerPharmacistPartnerships / channel managerSecurity analyst (SOC)Financial adviser / financial plannerInterpreterCompliance officerLibrarianArchitectFirst-line manager / team supervisorCounsellor / therapistRetail salesperson / shop assistantCivil / structural engineerElectrical engineerIndustrial engineerSecurity guardInterior designerUniversity lecturerBus driverInsurance agentMechanical engineerSchool teacherGeneral practitioner / primary care doctorAirline pilotWaiter / restaurant serverRadiographer / radiologic technologistAuto mechanic / vehicle technicianPolice officerSonographerAircraft maintenance technicianAir traffic controllerVeterinarianPhysiotherapist / rehabilitation therapistDentistSurgeonConstruction workerSocial workerRegistered nurseCare worker / nursing assistantPlumberAI implementation lead
RPA / self-service
Government service clerkOperations coordinatorMetro train driverReceptionist / front deskPharmacy technician
Robotics
Retail cashier / shop assistantContainer port workerWarehouse workerAssembly line workerMedical laboratory technicianActor and modelWelderChef / cookCleaner / janitorFarmerFirefighterCabin crewElectrician
Autonomous driving
Ride-hail / taxi driverTruck driverDelivery rider / courier
Majors
All majorsEnglish / Foreign languagesComputer scienceAccountingPsychologyJournalism / CommunicationFinanceLawVisual communication designMarketingNursingBusiness administrationEducation and teacher trainingArchitecturePublic administrationMedicineHospitality and tourism managementEconomicsInformation systems
Guides
Ask VOLOFor businessFor foundersRecent changesNotesRole diagnosisFirst AI experimentVOLO ProMethod & evidenceAboutFollow an occupationSearch
You are reading as:I have a jobI am studyingI run a companyI am building something
On this pageHow it connectsIn the official classificationWhat O*NET rates highestEach task in O*NET's termsRules that bind this workOur task judgementsSources and rules
Occupations›Writer and author›Ontology

Writer and author — skills, knowledge and links

Where this job sits in the official classifications, what those classifications say it demands, and what it connects to. Every block names its source: our own judgements, the U.S. Department of Labor's O*NET, or the U.S. Department of Education.

How it connects#

Degrees that lead here
JournalismU.S. Dept. of Education
Writer and authorO*NET 27-3043.00
Related occupations on this site (O*NET)
Editor and proofreaderO*NET 31.0JournalistO*NET 31.0Technical writer / documentation engineerO*NET 31.0

O*NET also lists (no page here yet): Poets, Lyricists and Creative Writers · Public Relations Specialists · Advertising Sales Agents · Search Marketing Strategists · Advertising and Promotions Managers · Art Directors · Producers and Directors

In the official classification#

O*NET-SOC 27-3043.00 · O*NET 31.0

Writers and Authors

Fit with this page: broader than this page

Job Zone 4: considerable preparation

See it on O*NET OnLine ↗

In Europe, internationally and in Singapore

ESCO 2641.4 · ESCO

writer

Fit with this page: covers part of this page

See it in ESCO ↗
ESCO 2641.4.2 · ESCO

script writer

Fit with this page: covers part of this page

See it in ESCO ↗
ISCO-08 2641 · ILO

Authors and related writers

Fit with this page: broader than this page

SSOC 2024 26411 · Singapore DOS

Author

Fit with this page: covers part of this page

SSOC 2024 26412 · Singapore DOS

Script writer/editor

Fit with this page: covers part of this page

What O*NET rates highest#

From O*NET 27-3043.00 (Writers and Authors). Ordered by O*NET's importance rating; the words are O*NET's own scale anchors.

Transferable skills

  1. Time ManagementVery important
  2. Complex Problem SolvingImportant
  3. Judgment and Decision MakingImportant
  4. Social PerceptivenessImportant
  5. PersuasionImportant
  6. CoordinationImportant
  7. NegotiationImportant
  8. Service OrientationImportant

Knowledge

  1. English LanguageExtremely important
  2. Communications and MediaVery important
  3. AdministrativeImportant
  4. Sales and MarketingImportant
  5. Computers and ElectronicsImportant
  6. Customer and Personal ServiceImportant

Work activities

  1. Getting InformationExtremely important
  2. Thinking CreativelyExtremely important
  3. Working with ComputersVery important
  4. Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing WorkVery important
  5. Interpreting the Meaning of Information for OthersVery important
  6. Updating and Using Relevant KnowledgeVery important

Abilities

  1. Written ExpressionExtremely important
  2. Written ComprehensionVery important
  3. Oral ComprehensionVery important
  4. Oral ExpressionVery important
  5. Fluency of IdeasVery important
  6. OriginalityVery important

Essential skills

  1. WritingExtremely important
  2. Reading ComprehensionVery important
  3. Active ListeningVery important
  4. SpeakingVery important
  5. Critical ThinkingVery important

Each task in O*NET's terms#

O*NET describes work as detailed activities. Each of this page's 4 tasks is matched only against the activities O*NET lists for this occupation, with a stated fit; 4 match at least one. The alignment and its fit are this site's judgement, made task by task by its AI agent (Claude) on 2026-09-26; O*NET does not align tasks like ours. The activity names are O*NET's, the translations ours.

  • Writing fiction and books
    Write material for artistic or entertainment purposes.the closest O*NET has, not the same · Documenting/Recording Information · O*NET 31.0The same activity in: Content creator
  • Screenwriting and rewrites
    Write material for artistic or entertainment purposes.the closest O*NET has, not the same · Documenting/Recording Information · O*NET 31.0The same activity in: Content creator
    Discuss production content and progress with others.covers part of this task · Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates · O*NET 31.0The same activity in: Editor and proofreader
  • Short fiction and open submission markets
    Write material for artistic or entertainment purposes.the closest O*NET has, not the same · Documenting/Recording Information · O*NET 31.0The same activity in: Content creator
  • Rights and licensing
    Obtain copyrights or other legal permissions.the closest O*NET has, not the same · Getting Information · O*NET 31.0The same activity in: Content creator · Photographer

Rules that bind this work#

Laws, regulations, court rules, regulators' guidance and collective agreements that this page's verified records read — each with the verb that matters and whom it binds. Read from each record by this site's AI agent (Claude) on 2026-09-26. Official names stay in their own language.

United States · collective agreement

2023 WGA Theatrical and Television Basic Agreement

Article 72: neither traditional AI nor generative AI is a writer; a company may not require a writer to use generative AI to write literary material · must not · binds an organisation (employer, deployer, operator) · requires a person to do, decide or answer for it → Screenwriting and rewrites

2023-09-25 · the record →
VOLO judgement
United States · guidance

Copyright and Artificial Intelligence, Part 2: Copyrightability

conclusion on prompts and on purely AI-generated material · defines · binds a person (licensed or not) · requires a person to do, decide or answer for it → Rights and licensing

2025-01-01 · the record →
VOLO judgement
United States · collective agreement

2026 WGA Theatrical and Television Basic Agreement

Article 72.G.2: written notice to the Guild when literary material is licensed to train a commercial generative AI system · must · binds an organisation (employer, deployer, operator) → Rights and licensing · Screenwriting and rewrites

2026-04-04 · the record →
VOLO judgement

Our task judgements#

O*NET says what this job demands. It does not say what automation is doing to it — that is what this site's 4 task judgements are for: 3 backed by a verified event, 1 platform inference. VOLO judgement

Every task, one by one →What they rest on →

Sources and rules#

  • Each block says where it comes from: this site's own judgements, O*NET, the U.S. Department of Education's CIP–SOC crosswalk, the European ESCO classification and its official crosswalk to O*NET, the ILO's ISCO-08, Singapore's SSOC 2024, or something computed mechanically from those. Nothing on this page is a rating we made up.
  • O*NET's importance ratings are used only to order and shorten the lists. They are never combined with this site's impact index or evidence counts.
  • The fit between our page and an O*NET occupation is our judgement and is stated per code: same job, broader, part of it, or only the closest there is.
  • The ESCO and ISCO-08 fits are derived mechanically from the official ESCO–O*NET crosswalk; where we override it, we say why in our data (for example, the crosswalk pairs radiologists with radiographers, which is a different job). The SSOC 2024 fit is our reading of the Singapore Department of Statistics' own titles and definitions. Official names are shown as their publishers write them; we do not translate them.
  • Each task is matched only against the detailed work activities O*NET lists for the codes this page maps to. Where nothing fits, the page says why instead of forcing a match: work O*NET does not describe yet (used only for tasks we judge to be emerging), or nothing in O*NET's list for this occupation. An alignment never changes a task's direction, its basis or the impact index.
  • Rules are read only from this site's verified records. A rule's official name must appear word for word in a record that reads it, so no name is made up; a policy mandate is read only as 'must', 'must not' or 'funds', because 'should' and 'in principle' are not a mandate. Reading a rule never changes a task's direction, its basis or the impact index.
  • How these pieces fit together — objects, links and the actions that change them — is drawn as one diagram: The VOLO ontology
  • ESCO (European Commission), occupation records from the ESCO API; CC BY 4.0. ESCO–O*NET crosswalk, ESCO Secretariat with the U.S. Department of Labor/ETA, version 1 (Sep 2022), O*NET-SOC 2019 ↔ ESCO v1.1.0; CC BY 4.0. Singapore Department of Statistics, Singapore Standard Occupational Classification 2024 and its correspondence with ISCO-08.
  • O*NET 31.0 Database, August 2026 release, U.S. Department of Labor/Employment and Training Administration, CC BY 4.0. O*NET® is a trademark of USDOL/ETA. The translations of O*NET descriptors on this page are ours, not O*NET's.
← Back to Writer and authorThe other layer: every task, one by one →