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Understanding how automation changes work — task by task, with the evidence shown and the uncertainty admitted.

AskOccupationsMajorsBusinessFoundersChangesNotesMethodWill AI replace my job?AboutRole diagnosisOpen dataOntologyVOLO ProPrivacyTerms
© 2026 VOLO
Occupational automation risk & transition navigator

The world is changing. You have more than one option.

Understand how AI, robotics and automation are changing your work and your studies — and find a next step that actually fits your situation.

Answers come from this site only

Every occupation, on one map

Across: reconstructed · platform inference
↑ assisted
Less change · mostly assistedMore change · mostly assistedLess change · mostly taken overMore change · mostly taken overassistedeventaken overAI implementation leadAnimator and VFX artistCabin crewCare workerChefCleanerContent moderatorCopywriterCustomer service representativeData entry clerkData scientistEconomistElectricianFashion designerHRLoan officerMassage therapistMedical coderMidwifeOccupational therapistParalegalPhlebotomistPlumberRetail salespersonSecurity guardTranslatorVideo editorWaiter
0Impact index →100
↓ taken over
2022 H2Now

Each square is an occupation. Across: how much its work is changing. Up: across all its tasks, whether more are being done faster by people with tools or taken over by machines — the farther from the middle, the more of the job that difference covers.

Across: reconstructed today, looking back — a platform inference, stopping at now. Up: today's task judgements, counted by tasks rather than hours; it does not move with the timeline.

↑ more tasks “being augmented” — people doing them faster with tools · ↓ more tasks “automating” — machines taking them over · counted over all its tasks, so a job technology barely reaches stays near the middle

Colour: sector (the technology it is most exposed to is in each tooltip)
  • Tech & data
  • Transport & logistics
  • Health & care
  • Business & finance
  • Creative & media
  • Trades, building & farming
  • Law, public service & education
  • Retail, hospitality & service
  • Pale fill: low confidence in the index

The impact index is not a probability of losing a job. Squares in the same band are nudged up or down so each one can be clicked; the horizontal position is exact. Each occupation's index was assessed between 2026-09-09 and 2026-10-07; the date for each one is in its tooltip and on its page.

Will AI replace my job? The answer, task by task →

Step 1 of 2

Where are you standing right now?

The same change reads differently depending on whether you hold the job, are studying for it, employ it, or are building for it.

One task, as it actually reads

Taken straight from the site — one of 825 task judgements across 162 occupations. Every one of them carries what it does not establish, and says whether it rests on a verified record or on our inference.

Being augmentedevidence-backedLawyer
Drafting and negotiating documents

First drafts and redline summaries are now cheap, which compresses the junior hours a matter used to consume. Negotiation is a different activity: it is about knowing what the other side will concede, what your client actually cares about, and when to stop — reading people and positions rather than producing text.

What it does not establish: Negotiation is a small share of the hours on most matters; drafting is a large one. Being protected on the former does not protect the leverage model that made the matter profitable.
Behind it: A Wyoming federal court fined three attorneys and revoked one's pro hac vice admission after a motion they filed cited nine cases, eight of which did not exist · 2025-02-24 · US District Court, D. Wyo. — Wadsworth v. Walmart, 2:23-cv-118-KHR, ECF No. 181 (order of Judge Kelly H. Rankin)
See all 5 tasks for this occupation →

There is no single curve

Same period, same method, four occupations. One nearly sextupled, one barely moved, and one came back down. A single number for 'AI and jobs' has to average these together, which is how it stops meaning anything.

  • Copywriter12 → 76 · rose the most
  • Machine learning engineer34 → 47 · the only one that came back down
  • Bricklayer / blocklayer8 → 26 · the middle of the set
  • Airline pilot30 → 34 · barely moved

Which four are shown is computed, not chosen — steepest, the one that fell, the median, flattest. How the curve is reconstructed →

Reconstructed · platform inference, not measurement
not assessed
2022 H2now

Everything above sits on one model

Occupations, tasks, verified records, rules, official codes: each is an object in one ontology, linked to the others and changed only through named actions. This is the whole of it, and every number is counted from it.

AI and people, working together

Answer enginesAI agents over MCPThe evidence loop+Workers and studentsCompaniesNamed verifiers

Pages and views

Agents and automation

Open data and APIs

MCPCSVJSON-LDsits inleads tocoded asclassified asoffersmade ofsupportscitescitesaligns tojudged asreadsbears onapplies infromaboutviaBusiness function13Occupation162Degree18Long-form note8Next step483Official code764Evidence record1,074Task825O*NET activity867Lead1,599Source984Judgement825Rule154Jurisdiction25Add an occupation →Map a code →Add evidence →LoopVerify →LoopAlign a task →Accept a lead →LoopChange a judgement →Read a rule →

Task object

Treating, vaccinating and operating

Occupation
Veterinarian
Direction
Still human-led
Basis
Evidence-backed
Verified records
1
O*NET activities
3
Rule
must not · Singapore
Assessed
2026-09-26
O*NET 31.0ESCOISCO-08SSOC 2024NCES CIP–SOCStatutes & regulatorsCourtsFilings & statistics
Baseline weightsAttributionVendor-doc ruleVerdict ruleTrajectoryEntity resolutionLeadsLinked data
Evidence CLIGuard testsCanary gatesEvidence loopHarnessReleaseChange memosNamed verifiers

Sources

Logic

Checks and write-back

  • Object — this site's judgements, evidence and readings
  • Object — public reference: codes, O*NET, laws, sources
  • Link
  • Action — how the object is changed
  • The unattended loop may run this action
  • The links the card's task walks

Open the ontology on its own page →

Start with an occupation

All occupations →

Each one is broken into its actual tasks — which are automating, which still need a person, and which are new because of automation.

AutomatingBeing augmentedStill human-ledNew taskStriped: our inference, not yet backed by a verified record
Translator / Interpreter
Language services
79
index

Moves meaning between languages — and decides what to do when the meaning does not move cleanly.

Bank teller
Retail banking
77
index

Handles the transactions and the people at a branch counter — and is the bank's face for customers who need a human.

Copywriter
Marketing & advertising
76
index

Writes words meant to make a specific person do a specific thing — and is judged on whether they did.

Content moderator
Online platforms and trust & safety
76
index

Decides whether a piece of content stays up, against a written rule — the one occupation on this site where the employer is legally obliged to publish how much of that deciding is done without a person.

Customer service representative
Customer operations
74
index

Answers customers who have a problem — and decides, case by case, what the company will do about it.

Administrative assistant
Business administration
73
index

Keeps an office or an executive running: calendars, travel, expenses, documents, and every small thing that would otherwise stop.

Software tester / QA engineer
Software
72
index

Finds out how the software fails before users do — and is the person who says whether it is ready to ship.

Data entry clerk
Office & administration
72
index

Keys data from paper forms, scans and documents into systems, checks it against the source, and fixes what does not match. US projections expect this occupation to shrink by about a quarter by 2035, and machines now read much of what used to be keyed — census forms, tax returns, invoices, financial statements. But the machines route what they cannot read with confidence back to people, a large IRS digitisation effort has so far processed only a small share of paper returns, and firms that automate data capture keep people in the loop for exceptions and quality.

Graphic designer
Design & creative services
71
index

Makes visual decisions on someone else's behalf — and defends them.

Paralegal
Legal services
70
index

Does the reading, drafting and organising that lets a lawyer sign off — and is accountable for nothing being missed.

Retail cashier / shop assistant
Retail
70
index

Takes payment, answers questions, restocks shelves and keeps a shop floor working — often all in the same hour.

Video editor
Media & content production
69
index

Turns hours of footage into the minutes someone will actually watch — and decides what the story is in the process.

Questions worth a long answer

All notes →

Every section of these cites a verified record or a task judgement, and prints what it rests on directly underneath. A section with no citation fails our build.

How many jobs has AI actually replaced so far?

There is no single number, and the honest reason is not that the data is missing — it is that almost every published figure counts something other than a job. Here is each one we could check, and what it actually counts.

Which parts of my job will AI actually take over, and how can I tell in advance?

Not how hard the task is. Not how well-paid. The property that predicts whether a task moved is whether something other than a human being can say 'that is wrong, try again' — and say it a thousand times overnight without getting tired.

If AI can do most of the work in a skilled job, why does the job still need a person?

Put a dozen skilled occupations side by side and the same shape appears. Machines have taken the parts of the work that produce material — the photographs, the drafts, the scripts, the routine changes — and they are fast at it. What they have not taken is the decision that the material is right, and in most of these jobs the law says that decision belongs to a named, qualified person who signs for it.

How many years do I have before AI takes my job?

We refuse to answer this with a number, and that refusal is enforced by a test that fails the build. This is the argument behind it: every ingredient a year-estimate would need is either unmeasured, reversible, or decided by someone who has not decided yet.

How does AI regulation actually change my job, in practice?

Most writing about AI and work describes technology arriving and jobs changing afterwards. In the verified record the commonest sequence runs the other way: a rule creates a duty, the duty lands on a named role, and somebody's job description grows a paragraph before anything is deployed.

Which parts of a business does AI actually get deployed into first?

Adoption is narrower than the coverage suggests and lands in the same three places. The interesting question is not which function buys the tool — it is which role inherits the work the tool creates, because in the verified record that role is almost never the one that chose it.

When a team automates video production end to end, which tasks disappear and which get more expensive?

Two of the five tasks went away almost completely, and they went first because they were the most specifiable. The two that did not go away got more expensive, because the pipeline multiplies whatever judgement you hold it to. The fifth task did not get automated — it got deleted, along with the person who used to brief it.

If coding agents can read, write, test and fix code, what is left of a software engineer's job?

The typing moved; the job did not disappear. In the one large agent-driven migration with published numbers, the human's messages went mostly to review, testing and CI, to challenging design decisions, and to pushing work to completion. The records around it say why that work does not shrink: faster output is not the same as correct output, and trust in the output is falling as use rises. What has changed most is the door in, not the job inside.

Still studying?

All majors →

A major is not one job. Each page breaks down the competencies it actually trains, the several directions they lead, and one thing you can test this term.

Worth more than beforeHoldingWorth less on its own
English / Foreign languages →
Translator · User research · Operations coordinator
Computer science →
Junior software developer · Backend developer · Between engineering and the problem
Accounting →
Accountant · Financial analyst · Auditor
Psychology →
User research · Data analyst · HR
Journalism / Communication →
Verification-heavy roles outside newsrooms · Copywriter · Journalist
Finance →
Financial analyst · Bank teller · Data analyst
Law →
Lawyer · Paralegal · HR
Visual communication design →
Graphic designer · Product/UX designer · Video editor
Marketing →
Marketing specialist · Copywriter · Data analyst
Nursing →
Registered nurse · Pharmacist · Clinical informatics and tool evaluation
Business administration →
Sales/account manager · First-line manager · Operations coordinator
Education and teacher training →
School teacher · HR · First-line manager
Architecture →
Architect · Product/UX designer · Operations coordinator
Public administration →
Government service clerk · Administrative assistant · First-line manager
Medicine →
General practitioner · Radiologist · The procedural specialties
Hospitality and tourism management →
Waiter · Chef · Receptionist
Economics →
Loan officer · Compliance officer · Data analyst
Information systems →
Business systems owner · IT support specialist · DevOps engineer
The world is changing. You have more than one option. | VOLO