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Understanding how automation changes work — task by task, with the evidence shown and the uncertainty admitted.

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On this pageWhich technologiesHow it got hereMethod and sources
Occupations›Notary›How we know

Notary — how we know

The page itself gives the judgements. This one gives what they rest on: which technologies bear on the work, how the estimate moved since language models reached the public, and the method behind both.

Assessed
2026-10-01
With evidence
3/4
Verified events
5

Which technologies matter here#

Four separate signals. They are deliberately not added together — a job exposed to two technologies is not twice as exposed.

Cognitive automation
Verifying identity and capacityExplaining and witnessing signaturesDrafting deeds (civil-law notaries)
Process & self-service
Keeping registers and records

How it got here#

The index is not a static number. This is where it would have sat at each capability checkpoint since ChatGPT — reconstructed, and labelled as such.

Reconstructed · platform inferenceEstimated today for each past checkpoint — not measured at the time. 12 → 36.
1007550250
French notaries and their staff will get an optional generative AI tool to learn and experiment with in an 18-month partnership, France's Higher Council of Notaries saidIn two years Spanish notaries authorised more than 12,700 acts by video against 14,690,000 deeds in the electronic register, the General Council of Notaries saidSupervised AI now extracts data from the seven most common deed types at 96% average accuracy, with human review kept indispensable, Spain's General Council of Notaries saidNotarial deeds will be made and kept electronically in principle, and web meetings allowed only when the party asks and the notary judges them appropriate, Japan's justice ministry saidNotaries may authorise only a closed list of acts by video, never general powers of attorney, must verify identity, and keep every deed in an electronic register, Spain's Law 11/2023 says123456789not assessed
2022 H22024 H2Now

—— this stretch contains a verified event- - - no event in this stretch — reconstruction only0 = no task exposed, 100 = every task exposed

● 5 verified events for this occupation, plotted at the date it happened — the parts of the line near a marker are anchored to something checkable.

Starts at 12 because word processing, electronic registries and digital signatures were standard before this chart begins, while every deed was signed in front of the notary and filed on paper. It climbs as laws move notarial records into electronic registers, allow some acts to be signed by video and notarial bodies use AI to extract data from deeds. It stays below the middle because the law keeps identity checks, explaining documents, drafting and the duty to refuse with the notary, and remote signing is limited to a few acts.

12022 H212General-purpose text generation reaches the public. Before this point, exposure came from automation that was already deployed — OCR, RPA, machine vision, self-checkout, dispatch algorithms. ChatGPT research preview (2022-11-30) ↗
22023 H113A general model that passes professional exams. First-draft quality crosses the threshold where professional work starts using it. GPT-4 (2023-03-14) ↗
32023 H214Vision input, long context and tool calling. Models can be pointed at documents and connected to systems, which is what moves process work rather than writing work. GPT-4 Turbo:128k 上下文、视觉、工具调用(DevDay) (2023-11-06) ↗
42024 H116The same capability gets much cheaper and faster. Nothing new becomes possible; a lot becomes affordable at volume, which is when deployment decisions change.
52024 H220Reasoning models that work through multi-step problems, and the first models that operate a computer by looking at the screen. The second one is what reaches software-operating jobs. OpenAI o1(推理);同期 Claude 的 computer use 进入公测 (2024-09-12) ↗
62025 H124Agents begin operating real software end to end rather than producing text for a person to paste. This is also when the first public reversals appear — organisations that automated and partly undid it. Claude 3.7 Sonnet 与 Claude Code:混合推理 + 命令行编码代理 (2025-02-24) ↗
72025 H228Long context and tool use become the default rather than a feature. Capability gains continue; the visible constraint shifts from what models can do to liability, procurement and cost. GPT-5(2025-08-07);Claude Opus 4.5(2025-11-24) (2025-08-07) ↗
82026 H132Long-horizon agents land inside specific industry workflows. Adoption becomes sector-specific rather than general. GPT-5.5:「专为实际工作打造」 (2026-04-23) ↗
9Now36The current assessment — this point is the impact index published on the occupation's page, so the curve is anchored to a number the site already stands behind. Worth noting for the flat curves: in the same weeks, a research preview of a shared specification for AI agents to operate physical devices was opened to research labs and manufacturers. That is the first capability class pointed at the physical occupations whose lines here barely move. GPT-6 Astra(2026-09-03);Claude Fable 5.1 / Mythos 5.1(2026-09-01);Model Hardware Standard 研究预览(2026-08-27) (2026-09-03) ↗

A flat line is not a forecast of safety. It says which tasks automation has reached so far — the occupations that moved least here are the ones where the constraint is physical or regulatory, and both of those can change.

Method and sources#

Assessment date
2026-10-01
Basis of the task judgements
3 evidence-backed · 1 platform inference · 0 not enough evidence
Verified events
5

How we assess an occupation →

← Back to NotaryThe other layer: every task, one by one →Skills, knowledge and related jobs (O*NET) →